Peral
How to recognize and treat stem galls on pear trees
Stem Galls
Bacterium
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
Pathogen:
Bacteriosis
WHO CAUSES IT?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative bacteria that causes the formation of tumors on plants, known as stem galls. This bacterium is a soil pathogen that infects a wide variety of dicotyledonous plants. The infection process begins when Agrobacterium tumefaciens detects phenolic compounds and sugars released by wounds in the plant. The bacteria uses a DNA transfer system (T-DNA) using a Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid), which integrates into the genome of the host plant. This T-DNA contains genes that induce the production of plant hormones, such as auxins and cytokinins, which cause uncontrolled cell proliferation and gall formation. In addition, the T-DNA genes code for the production of opines, nitrogenous compounds that the bacteria use as a source of nutrients. This process causes galls to develop on the stems, roots, and other parts of the affected plant.
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SYMPTOMS
In pear, stem gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens manifests as tumorous growths on stems and roots. These tumors interfere with the transport of water and nutrients, which can significantly weaken the tree and reduce its productivity. Galls usually form near ground level and can range in size from small bumps to large deformed masses. Over time, the tumors can crack and decay, leaving the tree vulnerable to other secondary infections and environmental stress.
- Tumor growths on stems and roots
- Interference with the transport of water and nutrients
- Tree weakening
- Reduced productivity
- Tumors near ground level
- Cracking and decomposition of the gills
- Vulnerability to secondary infections and environmental stress
DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS
Temperature:
22-30°C
Humidity:
70-90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Contaminated soil, Contaminated tools, Irrigation water, Infected plant material, Direct contact with infected plants, Insect vectors
HOW TO ELIMINATE IT?
Home treatments
There are no home treatments
Natural allies
Chemical treatments
There are no treatments for this disease. Treatments are directed at the insect vectors that transmit it. See insect treatments.
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