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Mummified

Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi

Pathogen:

Fungus

Type:

Risk:

HIGH

DESCRIPTION

Pathogen description

Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi is a phytopathogenic fungus that mainly affects blueberries, causing the disease known as mummification. This pathogen develops from resting structures called sclerotia, which survive in the soil and in the remains of infected plants during the winter. In the spring, under favorable humidity and temperature conditions, sclerotia germinate and produce apothecia, which are small cup-shaped structures that release asci spores. These asci spores are dispersed by wind and water, infecting open blueberry flowers. Once the asci spores have penetrated the flowers, the fungus invades the floral tissues and spreads to the developing ovaries, leading to infection of young fruits. Infected fruits become mummified, becoming hard and dry, and continue to be a source of inoculum for new infections in subsequent seasons.

Disease description

The disease caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in blueberries, known as mummification, manifests mainly in the fruits and can have a significant impact on the quality and quantity of the harvest. Symptoms include mummification of the fruits, which become hard and dry, and often remain attached to the plant. Furthermore, the infection can spread through young flowers and fruits, compromising their development and maturation.

- Mummification of fruits, which become hard and dry.
- Infected fruits remain attached to the plant.
- Necrosis in floral tissues.
- Development of brown or black Taches on the fruits.
- Reduction in the quality and quantity of the harvest.
- General decline of affected plants.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

20°C - 25°C

70% - 90%

VOIES DE TRANSMISSION

Wind, Water, Contaminated tools, Remains of infected plants, Direct contact between plants

Chemical treatments

CONTROL

• SULFUR 70% [SC] P/V
• CIPRODINIL 37.5% + FLUDIOXONIL 25% [WG] P/P
• PHENHEXAMIDE 50% [SC] P/V
• PHENHEXAMIDE 50% [WG] P/P
• PHENPIRAZAMINE 50% [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• PIRACLOSTROBIN 6.7% + BOSCALIDE 26.7% (I) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V

Treatments authorized in organic farming

• SULFUR 70% [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V

Biological control

• BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS (strain AH2) (1x10E11 CFU/l) [SC] P/V
• BACILLUS SUBTILIS (STRAIN QST 713) 1.34% [SC] P/V
• SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (strain LAS02) 96.1% (1 x 10E13 cfu/Kg) [WG] P/P
• Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 1(1 x 10E10 cfu)/g [WG] P/P

Preventive treatments

• SULFUR 70% [SC] P/V
• BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS (strain AH2) (1x10E11 CFU/l) [SC] P/V
• BACILLUS SUBTILIS (STRAIN QST 713) 1.34% [SC] P/V
• CIPRODINIL 37.5% + FLUDIOXONIL 25% [WG] P/P
• PHENHEXAMIDE 50% [SC] P/V
• PHENHEXAMIDE 50% [WG] P/P
• PHENPIRAZAMINE 50% [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• PIRACLOSTROBIN 6.7% + BOSCALIDE 26.7% (I) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 1(1 x 10E10 cfu)/g [WG] P/P

- Carry out regular inspections of the blueberry crop to detect early signs of infection.
- Prune and eliminate infected parts of the plant, disposing of them properly to prevent the spread of the fungus.
- Avoid wounds on plants during cultural work, as they can serve as entry points for the fungus.
- Disinfect pruning tools and work equipment to reduce the risk of transmission.
- Maintain good soil drainage and avoid excess watering, since excessive humidity favors the development of the fungus.
- Apply preventive and curative fungicides following technical recommendations and rotating active ingredients to avoid resistance.
- Promote integrated pest and disease management practices, combining cultural, biological and chemical methods.
- Use healthy and certified plants when establishing new plantations.
- Improve foliage aeration through adequate pruning and management of planting density.

Recommendations

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*The recommended treatments are recommendations based on the authorities' databases and do not replace in any way the guidelines established by the legislation of each country.