Orugas o gusanos
Black donut or prodeni: what it is, how it originates, and how to eliminate it effectively.
Black Donut Or Prodeni
Spodoptera Littoralis
Pathogen:
Insect
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Spodoptera littoralis, known as black donut, is a noctuid lepidopteran that attacks a wide variety of crops, including spinach and the like. Females lay their eggs in large masses on the leaves of plants. After hatching, the larvae go through six stages of development, during which they feed voraciously on the leaves and stems of plants. In the early larval stages, they tend to feed in groups, but as they grow they disperse and become more solitary. After completing their development, the larvae burrow into the soil to pupate. The adults emerge after the pupal phase and restart the cycle, with several generations per year, which makes their control more difficult in warm climates.
SYMPTOMS
The disease known as black donut or Prodenia, caused by Spodoptera littoralis, severely affects spinach and similar crops. The larvae feed on the leaves and other tender parts of the plant, weakening it and reducing its growth capacity. Direct damage to the leaves affects both photosynthesis and the quality of the final product, and in severe cases can lead to complete loss of the crop.
- Leaves with large perforations
- Partial or total defoliation
- Damage to young shoots and stems
- General loss of vigor
- Plants with a stunted and weakened appearance
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
20°C - 32°C
65% - 90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Wind, infested plants, adult migration, agricultural machinery, contaminated soil, planting materials
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• Spodoptera littoralis (Pheromone)
Authorized treatments in organic farming
• Spodoptera littoralis (Pheromone)
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Effective against all types of fungi
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
Sponsored link
- Monitor Spodoptera littoralis populations through the use of pheromone traps to detect the presence of adults and apply treatments at appropriate times.
- Practice crop rotation with species that are not hosts of Spodoptera littoralis to interrupt its cycle in the field.
- Maintain a clean environment, eliminating crop remains and weeds that may serve as shelter or food for larvae.
- Promote biological control by introducing natural enemies such as parasitoid wasps and predators such as birds and small mammals that can consume the larvae.
- Use biological phytosanitary products such as Bacillus thuringiensis, especially in the first larval stages, which are the most vulnerable to these treatments.
- Avoid repeated use of the same chemical insecticides to prevent the development of resistance in the pest population.
- Implement agricultural practices such as deep plowing to expose the pupae and reduce the pest population in the soil.
Recommendations
Enjoy idMicrobe TOTALLY FREE, with no trial periods.
