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Avocado Blues

Phytophthora Cinnamomi

Pathogen:

Oomycete

Type:

Risk:

CRITICAL

DESCRIPTION

Pathogen description

Phytophthora cinnamomi is an oomycete pathogen that causes serious diseases in a wide variety of plants, including avocado. This organism develops in the soil and is capable of forming both sexual and asexual reproductive structures. The sporangia, which are the asexual structures, release motile zoospores that swim towards the roots of the plants. Once these zoospores find a suitable root, they encyst and germinate, producing hyphae that penetrate the plant tissues. Under favorable conditions, P. cinnamomi can also form oospores, which are sexual spores capable of surviving in soil for long periods. These characteristics allow it to persist in the environment and cause recurrent infections.

Disease description

Avocado blight is a devastating disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, which severely affects the health and productivity of avocado. The infection begins in the roots, causing them to rot and affecting the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients.

- Generalized wilting of the plant.
- Discoloration and death of fine roots.
- Reduction in the size and number of sheets.
- Premature fruit drop.
- Yellowing and leaf necrosis.
- General wear and weakening of the plant.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

15°C - 30°C

70% - 100%

VOIES DE TRANSMISSION

Movement of contaminated soil, infected irrigation water, roots in contact with diseased plants, agricultural tools, infected plants

Chemical treatments

CONTROL

• FOSETIL-AL 80% [WG] P/P
• FOSETIL-AL 80% [WP] P/P
• POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATES 50.4% (exp. as phosphorous acid) [SL] P/V
• POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATES 51% (Exp. as phosphorous acid) [SL] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) + CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P

Treatments authorized in organic farming

• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) + CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P

Biological control

• BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS subsp. plantarum (strain D747) 5% [SC] P/V
• TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM (STRAIN ICC012) 2% + TRICHODERMA GAMSII (STRAIN ICC080) 2% (3 X 10E7 CFU/G (SUM OF BOTH MICROORGANISMS)) [WP] P/P
• TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM (STRAIN T25) (1X10E8 CFU/G) 0.5% + TRICHODERMA ATROVIRIDE (STRAIN T11) (1X10E8 CFU/G) 0.5% [WG] P/P

Preventive treatments

• BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS subsp. plantarum (strain D747) 5% [SC] P/V
• FOSETIL-AL 80% [WG] P/P
• FOSETIL-AL 80% [WP] P/P
• POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATES 50.4% (exp. as phosphorous acid) [SL] P/V
• POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATES 51% (Exp. as phosphorous acid) [SL] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) + CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 14% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM (STRAIN ICC012) 2% + TRICHODERMA GAMSII (STRAIN ICC080) 2% (3 X 10E7 CFU/G (SUM OF BOTH MICROORGANISMS)) [WP] P/P
• TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM (STRAIN T25) (1X10E8 CFU/G) 0.5% + TRICHODERMA ATROVIRIDE (STRAIN T11) (1X10E8 CFU/G) 0.5% [WG] P/P

- Implement integrated management practices that include crop rotation and the use of resistant cultivars.
- Maintain adequate soil drainage to avoid waterlogging, since excessive humidity favors the development of the pathogen.
- Carry out regular monitoring to detect early signs of the disease and take preventive measures.
- Apply specific fungicides such as fosetyl-Al or potassium phosphonate at critical moments in the crop cycle.
- Disinfect agricultural tools and machinery to prevent the spread of the pathogen.
- Promote soil health by adding organic matter and using beneficial microorganisms.
- Avoid transplanting infected plants and removing affected plant remains from the field.

Recommendations

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*The recommended treatments are recommendations based on the authorities' databases and do not replace in any way the guidelines established by the legislation of each country.