Manchas
WHAT IS AND HOW TO ELIMINATE
Black Spot
Cercospora Purpurea
Pathogen:
Fungus
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Cercospora purpurea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the disease known as "black spot" in avocado. This fungus is characterized by producing conidia, which are asexual spores responsible for the spread of the disease. Conidia develop in structures called conidiophores, which emerge from lesions on infected leaves and fruits. These spores are released and dispersed by wind, rainwater, and irrigation. Once the conidia land on a susceptible surface, they germinate and penetrate the avocado tissue through stomata or wounds. Conditions of high humidity and moderate temperatures favor the growth and development of the fungus, allowing the infection to establish and progress. Cercospora purpurea can survive in infected plant debris and in soil, allowing it to infect new plants during the next growing season.
SYMPTOMS
Black spot caused by Cercospora purpurea in avocado is a disease that mainly affects the leaves and fruits, reducing their quality and, in severe cases, affecting the yield of the crop. The disease initially manifests itself as small dark Taches on the leaves and fruits, which progress and enlarge over time.
- Small black or purple Taches on the leaves.
- Necrotic Taches with a chlorotic halo.
- Premature fall of leaves.
- Dark and sunken lesions on the fruits.
- Reduction in the size and quality of the fruits.
- Deformed or scarred fruits.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
20°C - 28°C
70% - 90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Spores carried by wind, rainwater, overhead irrigation, contaminated agricultural tools, direct contact between plants
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• LAMINARIN 4.5% [SL] P/S
Authorized treatments in organic farming
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• LAMINARIN 4.5% [SL] P/S
Insect allies
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS PEST
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Effective against all types of fungi
- Carry out regular monitoring of the crop to detect the presence of black Taches early.
- Implement integrated pest management practices that include crop rotation and use of resistant varieties.
- Ensure adequate ventilation and spacing between plants to reduce humidity.
- Apply preventive and curative fungicides following technical recommendations.
- Remove and destroy remains of infected plants to reduce the source of inoculum.
- Improve soil drainage and avoid excess watering.
- Maintain adequate fertilization to strengthen plants and increase their resistance to diseases.
- Disinfect agricultural tools and equipment before use.
Recommendations
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