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Wireworm

Agriotes Sp.

Pathogen:

Insect

Type:

Risk:

HIGH

DESCRIPTION

Description of the pathogen

Agriotes sp., known as the wireworm, is a genus of beetles whose larvae are important agricultural pests. Adults, known as click beetles, lay their eggs in the soil during spring and summer. The eggs hatch in approximately 2 to 4 weeks, giving rise to larvae that develop in the soil. These larvae, with an elongated and hard body, spend several years in the soil, feeding on roots and other organic materials. Throughout their development, the larvae molt several times before reaching maturity. Once they complete their larval development, they pupate in the soil, emerging as adults after a few weeks. Adults can live for several weeks, during which time they look for mates and reproduce, restarting the cycle. The larvae can cause significant damage to plants by feeding on their roots, affecting the absorption of water and nutrients and, consequently, the overall health of the plants.

Description of the disease

Sugar beets affected by wireworm experience a disease that causes significant root damage. This leads to a reduction in the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, which negatively affects its growth and yield. The symptoms can be quite evident and varied.

- Withering of young plants.
- Roots with holes and galleries.
- Discoloration and yellowing of the leaves.
- Stunted growth and general weakness of the plant.
- Presence of larvae in the soil around the roots.
- Death of plants in severe cases.
- Reduction in crop yields.
- Greater susceptibility to other pests and diseases due to plant stress.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

15°C - 25°C

60% - 80%

TRANSMISSION ROUTES

Contaminated soil, Plant waste, Movements of agricultural machinery, Irrigation with contaminated water

Chemical treatments

CONTROL

• Agriotes lineatus (Pheromone)
• DELTAMETHRIN 1.57% [SC] P/V
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.15% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.24% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P
• TEFLUTRIN 0.5% [GR] P/P
• TEFLUTRIN 0.5% [GR] P/P
• TEFLUTRIN 0.5% [GR] P/P
• TEFLUTHRIN 1.5% [GR] P/P

Authorized treatments in organic farming

• Agriotes lineatus (Pheromone)
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.15% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.24% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P
• LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN 0.4% [GR] P/P

Biological control

• BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (STRAIN ATCC 74040) 2.3% (2.3X10E7 VIABLE SPORES/ML) [OD] P/V

Preventive treatments

• Agriotes lineatus (Pheromone)
• BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (STRAIN ATCC 74040) 2.3% (2.3X10E7 VIABLE SPORES/ML) [OD] P/V

- Implement a crop rotation to avoid the accumulation of larvae in the soil.
- Keep the field clean of plant debris that could provide shelter for larvae.
- Use light traps to reduce the adult population.
- Apply specific insecticide treatments at the appropriate times in the wireworm life cycle.
- Promote soil biodiversity to maintain natural enemies of Agriotes sp.
- Carry out deep work in the soil to expose and eliminate the larvae.
- Adjust irrigation practices to avoid excess humidity that favors the development of larvae.
- Carry out regular field monitoring to detect the presence of larvae early.

Recommendations

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*The recommended treatments are recommendations based on the authorities' databases and in no way replace the guidelines established by the legislation of each country.