Drosophila melanogaster and Ceratitis capitata are two species of diptera that, although different in their biological and ecological characteristics, share a relevant role as agricultural pests. Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the vinegar fly, has rapid development and reproduces in fermenting organic matter, while Ceratitis capitata, known as the Mediterranean fly, has a more aggressive behavior towards healthy fruits and is one of the most devastating pests in fruit trees in temperate and tropical climates. Both species go through a complete transformation with egg, larva, pupa and adult phases. Adult females lay their eggs in fruits at different degrees of maturity. The larvae emerge and feed on plant tissue, causing internal damage that promotes decomposition. After larval development, they abandon the fruit to pupate in the soil. The adults emerge after several days, depending on the temperature, and restart the process. Its reproductive capacity is very high, especially under favorable temperature and humidity conditions, which contributes to its rapid expansion and establishment in new agricultural habitats.