Wood Diseases (Vmd)

Wood diseases (VMD) in the vine are caused by various species of fungi, among which *Phaeomoniella chlamydospora*, *Fomitiporia mediterranea* and *Diplodia serieta* stand out, among others. These fungi penetrate the plant through wounds in the wood, generally caused by pruning or mechanical damage. Once inside, the fungi colonize the woody vessels, obstructing the flow of sap and releasing toxins that affect both the woody tissues and the green parts of the plant. The fungi can persist inside the vine for years, developing slowly and causing symptoms that often do not become evident until the infection has progressed considerably. The internal expansion of the fungus is accelerated under conditions of water stress or additional damage, eventually leading to the death of parts of the plant or even the entire vine.