Bacterial Stain

The pathogen Xanthomonas campestris is a gram-negative bacteria that is characterized by its ability to produce exopolysaccharides, which allows it to form biofilms and adhere to plant surfaces. This pathogen develops and proliferates in warm and humid conditions, commonly in temperatures ranging between 25°C and 30°C. Xanthomonas campestris is spread primarily through splashing water, contaminated tools, and infected plant material. When the bacteria comes into contact with the plant, it penetrates through stomata, wounds or natural openings, colonizing the intercellular spaces of the leaf parenchyma. Once established, the bacteria multiply, producing toxins and enzymes that degrade cell walls and cause necrosis in plant tissues. During unfavorable periods, Xanthomonas campestris can survive in plant remains and soil, reactivating when environmental conditions are again conducive to its development.