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Scale insects (coccoidea): what they are, how they originate, and how to eliminate them effectively.
Cocoids Or Scale Insects (Coccoidea)
Cocoids Or Scale Insects (Coccoidea)
Pathogen:
Insect
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Coccoids, or scale insects (Coccoidea), are a group of insects belonging to the superfamily Coccoidea. These insects have a complex life cycle that includes several stages. The eggs are deposited by adult females under their body or in a protective structure called an ovisac. After hatching, the nymphs, also known as "crawlers", are mobile and look for a suitable place on the plant to feed. Once they find a suitable site, the nymphs attach themselves to the plant and begin to feed on the sap, developing a protective waxy covering. This immobile phase can last several weeks, depending on environmental conditions. Coccoids go through several molts before reaching maturity. Adult females generally remain motionless and continue feeding, while males, if present, are usually winged and do not feed at this stage. Reproduction can be sexual or parthenogenetic, depending on the species.
SYMPTOMS
In blackberry, coccoids cause a disease that significantly affects the health and productivity of the plant. These insects suck the sap, weakening the growth and vigor of the blackberry. In addition, they excrete honeydew, a sticky substance that can encourage the development of fungi such as sooty mold, further affecting photosynthesis and the aesthetics of the plant.
- Yellowing and premature leaf fall.
- Loss of vigor and reduced plant growth.
- Appearance of black Taches (sooty mold) on leaves and stems.
- Deformation of fruits and decrease in quality.
- Presence of small scales visible on stems and leaves.
- Accumulation of honeydew on the surface of the plant.
- General weakening of the plant, making it more susceptible to other pests and diseases.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
20°C - 30°C
70% - 90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Wind, Direct contact between plants, Movement of infested plants, Contaminated tools
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• RAPE OIL 1.53% [AL] P/V
• RAPE OIL 848.24 g/l [EC] P/V
• ORANGE OIL 60g/L [ME] P/S
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [8042-47-5]) 54.6% [EW] P/V
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [97862-82-3]) 40% [EW] P/V
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [97862-82-3]) 80% [EC] P/V
• AZADIRACTIN 1% (AS AZADIRACTIN A) [EC] P/V
• Azadirachtin 2.6% (AS AZADIRACTIN A) [EC] P/V
• MALTODEXTRIN 47.6% [SL] P/V
• POTASSIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS C14-C20 48% [EW] P/V
Authorized treatments in organic farming
• RAPE OIL 1.53% [AL] P/V
• RAPE OIL 848.24 g/l [EC] P/V
• ORANGE OIL 60g/L [ME] P/S
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [8042-47-5]) 54.6% [EW] P/V
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [97862-82-3]) 40% [EW] P/V
• PARAFFIN OIL (CAS [97862-82-3]) 80% [EC] P/V
• AZADIRACTIN 1% (AS AZADIRACTIN A) [EC] P/V
• Azadirachtin 2.6% (AS AZADIRACTIN A) [EC] P/V
• MALTODEXTRIN 47.6% [SL] P/V
• POTASSIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS C14-C20 48% [EW] P/V
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Regularly monitor plants to detect the presence of coccoids in early stages.
- Promote biodiversity in cultivation to encourage the presence of natural enemies of coccoids, such as ladybugs and parasitoid wasps.
- Apply horticultural oils during the winter to suffocate dormant eggs and nymphs.
- Use potassium soap or oil-based insecticides to treat minor infestations.
- Prune and eliminate infested parts of the plant to reduce the coccoid population.
- Implement crop rotation and avoid continuously planting blackberries in the same place.
- Apply specific insecticides only when necessary and according to technical recommendations, to avoid resistance.
- Maintain adequate nutrition and irrigation of plants to strengthen their natural resistance against infestations.
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