Moho blanco
Sclerotium Disease, Southern Blight Or Southern Blight
Sclerotium Rolfsii
Pathogen:
Fungus
Type:
Risk to the plant:
CRITICAL
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Sclerotium rolfsii is a phytopathogenic fungus that affects numerous plant species, including sugar beet. This fungus is distinguished by the formation of resistance structures called sclerotia, which are small, spherical and dark brown. Sclerotia can survive in the soil for several years in the absence of a host, making them highly resistant and difficult to eradicate. When environmental conditions are favorable, mainly in warm and humid climates, sclerotia germinate and produce white mycelium that spreads rapidly over the surface of the soil and plants. The mycelium penetrates the plant tissues, causing decomposition and releasing enzymes that degrade cell walls. The fungus can also form sexual spores that contribute to dispersal and genetic variability. Sclerotium rolfsii is especially aggressive in its ability to rapidly infect and destroy plant tissues, resulting in significant crop losses.
SYMPTOMS
Sclerotium disease, also known as southern blight or southern blight, is a devastating disease of sugar beets. This disease is characterized by the rapid wilting and collapse of affected plants, due to the destruction of tissues by enzymes produced by the fungus.
- Appearance of dark, watery lesions at the base of the stem.
- Presence of a cottony white mycelium on the surface of the soil and plants.
- Formation of brown sclerotia on the roots and surrounding soil.
- Wilting and collapse of plants, especially in high humidity conditions.
- Decomposition of the roots and base of the stem, which become soft and watery.
- Reduction in growth and yield of affected plants.
- Rapid death of plants in advanced stages of the disease.
- Appearance of brown, dry lesions on the lower leaves.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
25-30°C
85-95%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Contaminated soil, plant remains, irrigation water, agricultural tools, wind, sclerotia
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• AZOXISTROBIN 12.5% + DIFENOCONAZOLE 12.5% [SC] P/V
• AZOXISTROBIN 20% + DIFENOCONAZOLE 12.5% [SC] P/V
• DIFENOCONAZOLE 25% [EC] P/V
Authorized treatments in organic farming
-
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Implement a crop rotation with non-susceptible species to reduce the population of sclerotia in the soil.
- Use cultural practices such as deep plowing to bury the sclerotia and reduce their viability.
- Improve soil drainage to avoid prolonged humidity conditions that favor the germination of sclerotia.
- Apply preventive fungicides to the soil and plants according to technical recommendations.
- Maintain good field health, eliminating crop remains and weeds that may harbor the fungus.
- Use resistant sugar beet varieties when available.
- Carry out frequent monitoring of the crop to detect early symptoms of the disease and take appropriate control measures.
- Apply organic amendments that improve the soil structure and promote the activity of microorganisms antagonistic to the fungus.
- Avoid excessive irrigation and ensure adequate and uniform irrigation to prevent excess moisture in the soil.
Recommendations
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