Bacteriosis
Bacterial Stain
Acidovorax Citrulli
Pathogen:
Bacterium
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Acidovorax citrulli is a Gram-negative bacterium and an important pathogen of cucurbits. This bacteria is responsible for bacterial spot in various species of cucurbits, including pumpkin. Infection begins when the bacteria enters through stomata or wounds in plant tissues, such as leaves, stems and fruits. Acidovorax citrulli multiplies rapidly in conditions of high humidity and warm temperatures. The bacteria is easily spread by irrigation water, wind, and contact with contaminated agricultural tools. During its life cycle, Acidovorax citrulli can survive on infected seeds and plant debris, facilitating its dispersal to new growing areas. The infection causes the appearance of watery lesions that expand and coalesce, causing severe damage to plant tissues and significantly reducing the quality and yield of the crop.
SYMPTOMS
In pumpkins, the bacterial spot caused by Acidovorax citrulli manifests itself with visible symptoms on both the leaves and the fruits. This disease affects the appearance and commercial quality of pumpkin, and can cause significant yield losses. Initial infections appear as small watery Taches that become necrotic and surrounded by a yellow halo. These Taches can merge and form large areas of dead tissue. On fruits, the lesions are similar and can lead to tissue decomposition, making them unfit for consumption or sale. Symptoms include:
- Watery Taches on the leaves
- Yellow halos around the Taches
- Necrotic areas on the leaves
- Watery lesions on fruits
- Decomposition of fruit tissue
- Reduction in the quality and appearance of the fruits
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
25-35°C
70-90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Irrigation water, Wind, Agricultural tools, Contaminated seeds, Contact with infected plants, Remains of infected plants
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) + COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 37.5% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROUS OXIDE 75% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% [WP] P/P
• TRIBASIC COPPER SULFATE 19% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• TRIBASIC COPPER SULFATE 40% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
Authorized treatments in organic farming
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) + COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 37.5% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROUS OXIDE 75% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% [WP] P/P
• TRIBASIC COPPER SULFATE 19% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• TRIBASIC COPPER SULFATE 40% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Use certified pathogen-free seeds.
- Implement crop rotations to avoid the accumulation of bacteria in the soil.
- Apply sanitation measures, such as cleaning and disinfecting agricultural tools and equipment.
- Maintain good ventilation in crops to reduce relative humidity.
- Avoid sprinkler irrigation to minimize the dispersion of the bacteria due to splashing water.
- Remove and destroy remains of infected plants to reduce sources of inoculum.
- Apply preventive treatments with authorized bactericides, following the manufacturer's recommendations.
- Regularly monitor crops to detect the presence of the disease early and take control measures quickly.
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