Monilia
Monilia, brown rot, or brown rot: what it is, how it originates, and how to eliminate it effectively.
Monilia, Brown Rot Or Brown Rot
Monilinia Spp.
Pathogen:
Fungus
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Monilinia spp. It is a genus of pathogenic fungi that cause important diseases in pome fruit trees. These fungi survive the winter in the form of sclerotia and conidia on infected plant remains and in the soil. During spring, with favorable temperature and humidity conditions, sclerotia germinate and produce conidia that are dispersed by wind, water and insects to the developing flowers and fruits. Primary infection usually occurs through wounds on flowers, caused by insects or mechanical damage. As the fungus establishes, it forms brown lesions that expand rapidly, especially in humid conditions. Conidia can be produced in large numbers on infected tissues, further spreading the disease during the growing season. The survival of the pathogen between seasons is ensured thanks to the persistent sclerotia and the production of secondary conidia, which continue the dissemination of the fungus.
SYMPTOMS
The disease known as monilia, brown rot or brown rot severely affects pome fruit trees, compromising the quality and quantity of the harvest. This disease is characterized by the appearance of brown Taches on flowers and fruits, which progress rapidly and lead to decomposition of the affected tissues.
- Brown and rotten Taches on flowers, fruits and twigs.
- Light to dark brown lesions that expand rapidly.
- Mummification of the fruits, which harden and remain attached to the trees.
- Appearance of concentric rings of gray sporulation on infected areas.
- Regressive death of twigs and young shoots.
- Significant loss of fruits before harvest due to rot.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
15-25 °C
85-95 %
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Spores carried by wind, contact with insects, contaminated irrigation water, infected plant remains
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• SULFUR 70% [SC] P/V
• SULFUR 72% [SC] P/V
• CAPTAN 47.5% [SC] P/V
• CAPTAIN 80% [WG] P/P
• CIPRODINIL 37.5% + FLUDIOXONIL 25% [WG] P/P
• Cyprodinil 50% [WG] P/P
• POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE 0.425% [AL] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) + COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 36% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 40% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• METIRAM 70% [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 37.5% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% [SC] P/V
• CUPROUS OXIDE 75% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% [WP] P/P
• TEBUCONAZOLE 25% [WG] P/P
Authorized treatments in organic farming
• SULFUR 70% [SC] P/V
• SULFUR 72% [SC] P/V
• POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE 0.425% [AL] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) + COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 13.6% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 25% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 36% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 40% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (exp. in Cu) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 35% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 37.5% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 38% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 52% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 70% [SC] P/V
• CUPROUS OXIDE 75% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 12.4% (EXPR. IN CU) [SC] P/V
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% [WP] P/P
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Maintain adequate pruning and spacing between trees to improve air circulation and reduce humidity.
- Remove and destroy infected plant remains, including mummified fruits and dead branches.
- Apply preventive and curative fungicides, following specific recommendations for Monilinia spp.
- Use varieties of pome fruit trees that are resistant or less susceptible to the disease.
- Avoid mechanical damage to fruits and flowers that could facilitate the entry of the fungus.
- Implement adequate irrigation management, avoiding excess moisture in the foliage and fruits.
- Carry out frequent monitoring during the growing season to detect signs of infection early.
- Use traps and biological controls to reduce the population of insects that can cause wounds to fruits and flowers.
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