Micosis/Hongos
Phomosis
Phoma Betae (Pleospora Betae)
Pathogen:
Fungus
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Phoma betae (Pleospora betae) is a phytopathogenic fungus that mainly affects sugar beet. This pathogen has an asexual phase (Phoma) and a sexual phase (Pleospora), which allows it to survive in different environmental conditions and in crop remains. It produces pycnidia, fruiting structures containing asexual spores (conidia), which are released and dispersed by wind, rainwater, and physical contact. Under favorable conditions of high humidity and moderate temperatures, conidia germinate and produce hyphae that invade plant tissues, causing lesions and necrosis. The sexual phase, which produces ascospores, develops in infected plant residues and contributes to the dispersal and genetic variability of the fungus. These spores are hardy and can survive in the soil for long periods, infecting new plants in subsequent seasons. The ability of Phoma betae to persist in soil and plant debris makes disease management a considerable challenge for farmers.
SYMPTOMS
Phomosis, caused by Phoma betae, is a disease that affects sugar beets, significantly reducing their yield and quality. The infection generally starts in the leaves and spreads to the petioles and roots, causing various symptoms that affect the development and productivity of the plant.
- Brown to black lesions on leaves and petioles.
- Necrosis on the margins of the leaves.
- Concentric Taches on the leaves.
- Dry rot in the roots.
- Formation of pycnidia in the affected areas.
- Yellowing and wilting of leaves.
- Reduction in plant growth and vigor.
- Premature death of plants in severe cases.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
18-25°C
75-90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Contaminated soil, infected seeds, plant remains, agricultural tools, irrigation water, wind, pycnidia
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
-
Authorized treatments in organic farming
-
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Practice crop rotation with non-susceptible plants to reduce inoculum pressure in the soil.
- Use certified and pathogen-free seeds.
- Apply specific fungicides in a preventive and curative manner, following the dosage and frequency recommendations.
- Maintain good field health, eliminating remains of infected plants and crop residues.
- Implement adequate irrigation management to avoid excess moisture in the soil.
- Improve soil drainage to prevent prolonged humidity conditions that favor the development of the fungus.
- Carry out periodic monitoring of the crop to detect early symptoms of the disease and take corrective measures.
- Avoid using excessive nitrogen fertilizers, as they can predispose plants to infections.
- Apply organic amendments to improve the soil structure and promote the activity of antagonistic microorganisms.
Recommendations
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