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Pest Guide

Symptoms, treatments and recommendations for treating verticillium wilt

Verticillosis

Verticillium sp.

Pathogen:

Fungus

Type:

Risk:

HIGH

Verticilosis

Plantas decorativas de jardín y/o interior

Verticillium wilt: Symptoms and damage in decorative garden and/or indoor plants

Verticillium wilt damage to decorative garden and/or indoor plants

WHO CAUSES IT?

Verticillium sp. It is a soil fungus that lives mainly in the form of resistance structures called microsclerotia, which can remain viable for years in the absence of cultivation. These structures germinate when they detect root exudates from susceptible plants. After germination, the fungus invades the root tissues and enters the vascular system, especially the xylem, where it multiplies and blocks the flow of water. During this process, it produces toxins and enzymes that promote colonization. As the plant dies or loses tissue, the fungus returns to the soil, where it forms new microsclerotia that remain as inoculum for future crops. It does not need aerial spores to spread, since its cycle is focused on the soil and the colonization of living roots. Its prolonged persistence in the soil and its ability to infect a wide variety of plant species make it a difficult pathogen to eradicate.

SYMPTOMS

In Plants, infection by Verticillium sp. It causes a disease known as verticillosis, characterized by the progressive wilting of the plant, which begins in the lower leaves and progresses towards the upper part. Xylem obstruction reduces the transport of water and nutrients, generating water stress and general weakening. The intensity of symptoms depends on factors such as the age of the plant, environmental conditions and the amount of inoculum present in the soil.
- Unilateral wilting of leaves or branches
- Yellowing and chlorosis in old leaves
- Necrosis on leaf edges and apices
- Dwarfism or general growth retardation
- General decay of the plant without evidence of root rot
- Brown streaks or discolorations in the vascular system when cutting the stem
- Premature leaf fall
- Partial or total death of the plant in advanced stages

Verticillium wilt in decorative garden and/or indoor plants: How to recognize and treat it effectively

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

17 °C – 25 °C

60 % – 80 %

TRANSMISSION ROUTES

Contaminated soil, Irrigation water, Infected plants, Agricultural tools, Wind with soil dust, Personnel footwear and clothing, Transport of plant waste

Do you want to remove this pest? Choose how you want to treat it.

TREATMENTS

Chemical treatments

Authorized treatments in organic farming

Biological control

Recommendations

- Carry out crop rotations with non-susceptible species for at least 4-6 years to reduce the inoculum load.
- Avoid repeated cultivation of sensitive species in soils with a history of verticillosis.
- Use varieties or rootstocks with proven genetic resistance to the pathogen.
- Improve soil drainage and avoid waterlogging to limit favorable conditions for the fungus.
- Apply treatments with antagonistic microorganisms, such as Trichoderma spp., to reduce the viability of the inoculum in the soil.
- Disinfect agricultural tools and machinery between plots to avoid carrying contaminated soil.
- Incorporate well-composted organic matter that favors a competitive soil microbiota.
- Do not use fresh or poorly composted manure, which may contain remains of infected plants.
- Avoid injuries to roots at the time of transplanting or during agricultural work.
- Eliminate and destroy infected crop remains to reduce the persistence of the pathogen in the field.