Podredumbre gris
Gray Rot
Botrytis Cinerea
Pathogen:
Fungus
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous pathogenic fungus that affects a wide variety of plants, including quinoa. This fungus produces asexual spores called conidia, which spread through air and water. Conidia germinate in the presence of moisture, invading plant tissues through wounds or natural openings. Within the tissue, the fungus develops mycelium, a network of filaments that degrades plant cells and absorbs nutrients. Under favorable conditions, the mycelium produces new conidia that are released and can initiate new infections. In addition, Botrytis cinerea can form resistance structures called sclerotia, which allow its survival in soil and plant residues during unfavorable periods. These sclerotia can germinate and produce conidia when conditions improve, perpetuating the infectious cycle.
SYMPTOMS
In quinoa, Botrytis cinerea causes the disease known as gray rot, which can have a devastating impact on the health and productivity of the crop. Symptoms begin with the appearance of watery Taches on leaves, stems and flowers, which expand and turn brown. Advanced infection can result in complete decomposition of the affected tissues, covering them with a layer of gray mold.
- Watery Taches on leaves and stems.
- Brown discoloration of infected tissues.
- Presence of gray, spongy mold on the surface of the affected areas.
- Necrosis and decomposition of flowers and seeds.
- Premature defoliation.
- Reduction in the yield and quality of quinoa.
- Fragility and general weakening of the plant.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
15-25°C
85-95%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Air, Water, Contaminated tools, Contact with infected plants, Plant residues
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• AZOXISTROBIN 25% [SC] P/V
• DIFENOCONAZOLE 25% [EC] P/V
• FLUDIOXONIL 2.5% [FS] P/V
• METCONAZOLE 9% [EC] P/V
• TEBUCONAZOLE 20% [EC] P/V
• TEBUCONAZOLE 20% [EW] P/V
• TEBUCONAZOLE 25% [EC] P/V
• TEBUCONAZOLE 25% [EW] P/V
• TEBUCONAZOLE 25% [WG] P/P
Authorized treatments in organic farming
-
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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Effective against all types of fungi
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- Use certified pathogen-free seeds and select resistant varieties.
- Implement an appropriate crop rotation to reduce inoculum pressure on the soil.
- Ensure good ventilation and spacing between plants to minimize humidity.
- Avoid sprinkler irrigation, especially in the afternoon and evening, to reduce foliar humidity.
- Apply preventive and contact fungicides, following an application schedule.
- Remove and destroy plant remains and infected plants immediately after harvest.
- Regularly monitor the culture to detect the first signs of infection.
- Adjust soil pH and apply balanced fertilizers to maintain vigorous plants.
- Use traps to reduce humidity in the crop environment.
Recommendations
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