Bacteriosis
Crown Gall
Agrobacterium Vitis
Pathogen:
Bacterium
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
*Agrobacterium vitis* is a pathogenic bacteria that mainly affects grapevines, causing the disease known as crown gall. This bacteria has the ability to survive in soil and infected tissues for long periods of time. It is introduced into the plant through wounds, such as those caused by pruning or mechanical damage. Once inside, *A. vitis* transfers a fragment of its DNA to the plant cells, which causes uncontrolled proliferation of tissue, forming galls at the base of the stem or on the roots. During the dormant phase, the bacteria can persist in the vascular system of the vine without causing visible symptoms until environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures or plant stress, favor its active development. At this time, galls begin to form, compromising nutrient circulation and weakening the plant.
SYMPTOMS
Crown gall is a disease that seriously affects the vine, weakening its structure and reducing its productivity. As the disease progresses, galls begin to form at the base of the plant and on the roots, obstructing the flow of water and nutrients and affecting the development of the vine, which can lead to death in severe cases.
- Formation of galls at the base of the stem or roots.
- Decrease in the general vigor of the plant.
- Delayed growth and lower production of grapes.
- Chlorosis in the leaves due to poor circulation of nutrients.
- Regressive death of branches and shoots in severe cases.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
20-30°C
60-90%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Pruning wounds, contaminated soil, pruning tools, grafts
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
Treatments allowed in organic farming
• CUPRIC HYDROXIDE 50% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Use disease-free plants at the time of planting, ensuring that the propagation material is certified and healthy.
- Avoid pruning or working on the vine during conditions of high humidity, since wounds are more susceptible to infection by *A. vitis* under these conditions.
- Regularly disinfect pruning tools and other equipment with bactericidal solutions to prevent the transmission of bacteria from one plant to another.
- Control the health of the soil, avoiding excess humidity that can favor the persistence and proliferation of bacteria in the root environment.
- Implement adequate management of plant stress, ensuring balanced irrigation and application of nutrients to keep the vine in optimal conditions.
- Remove and destroy infected plants or severely affected plant parts to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
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