Escamas
Scales
Scales
Pathogen:
Insect
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Scales are phytophagous insects from the Coccidae and Diaspididae families, which are characterized by developing a rigid or waxy protective cover on their body, making it difficult to control them with insecticides. These insects go through several phases of development. The females, which are usually immobile in their adult phase, lay eggs under their protective shield. The nymphs, called "crawlers", emerge and actively disperse in search of a suitable feeding site. As they mature, they secrete waxy substances and become fixed in the plant, becoming increasingly resistant to chemical treatments. The males, if they exist, have wings and have a short life, since their only function is reproduction. The feeding of the scales is based on the suction of sap, which causes weakening of the plant and a decrease in its performance. Its presence is usually associated with the formation of sooty mold due to the secretion of molasses, which prevents photosynthesis and affects the quality of the crop.
SYMPTOMS
The banana tree affected by scale shows progressive deterioration due to the constant suction of sap, which impacts its growth and productivity. The accumulation of individuals in leaves, pseudostem and fruits reduces the quality of the crop and generates favorable conditions for the proliferation of fungi and other pathogens.
- Yellow spots or discolorations on leaves and fruits.
- Presence of circular or elongated structures attached to the leaves and pseudostem.
- Secretion of molasses, favoring the development of sooty mold.
- Loss of vigor and general weakening of the plant.
- Reduction in the quality and size of the fruits.
- Attraction of ants, which protect the scales from their natural predators.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
20°C - 32°C
60% - 85%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Wind, contaminated plant material, contact between plants, agricultural tools, insect vectors, transport of infested leaves or fruits
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• HUILE D'ORANGE 60g/L [ME] P/S
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [64742-46-7]) 79 % [EC] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [8042-47-5]) 54,6 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [8042-47-5]) 79 % [EC] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [97862-82-3]) 40 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [97862-82-3]) 80% [EC] P/V
• Huile de paraffine 65,4 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE 81,7 % [CE] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE 83 % [EC] P/V
• ACÉTAMIPRID 20 % [SG] P/P
• MALTODEXTRINE 47,6% [SL] P/V
• SELS DE POTASSIUM D'ACIDES GRAS C14-C20 48% [EW] P/V
• SPIROTETRAMAT 10 % [SC] P/V
Treatments allowed in organic farming
• HUILE D'ORANGE 60g/L [ME] P/S
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [64742-46-7]) 79 % [EC] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [8042-47-5]) 54,6 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [8042-47-5]) 79 % [EC] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [97862-82-3]) 40 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE (CAS [97862-82-3]) 80% [EC] P/V
• Huile de paraffine 65,4 % [EW] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE 81,7 % [CE] P/V
• HUILE DE PARAFFINE 83 % [EC] P/V
• MALTODEXTRINE 47,6% [SL] P/V
• SELS DE POTASSIUM D'ACIDES GRAS C14-C20 48% [EW] P/V
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Carry out frequent monitoring to detect the presence of scales in the first stages of development.
- Implement biological control with natural predators such as ladybugs (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) and parasitoid wasps (Aphytis spp.).
- Avoid excess nitrogen fertilization, as it favors the growth of the pest.
- Apply mineral oils or potassium soaps to eliminate the protective waxy layer and improve the effectiveness of the treatments.
- Control the population of ants, since they protect the scales from their natural enemies.
- Manually remove the most infested parts to reduce the pest load.
- Improve air circulation in the plantation to make the spread of nymphs difficult.
- Apply specific insecticides at the appropriate times, prioritizing their use in the mobile nymph phase.
- Rotate phytosanitary products with different mechanisms of action to avoid the development of resistance.
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