Mildiu
Mildew
Plasmapora Nivea
Pathogen:
Oomycete
Type:
Risk to the plant:
HIGH
DESCRIPTION
WHO CAUSES IT?
Plasmopara nivea is an oomycete fungus that causes downy mildew on various plants, including celery. This pathogen develops from spores that can survive in the soil and in infected plant remains during adverse periods. The spores germinate in the presence of free water and penetrate the celery leaves through the stomata. Once inside the plant, the fungus branches into a mycelium that extends along the leaf tissue. Under favorable conditions of high humidity and moderate temperatures, the fungus produces sporangia on the surface of leaves, which release zoospores that can be dispersed by wind and water, initiating new infections. The ability of Plasmopara nivea to produce multiple cycles of sporulation and dispersal in a single season increases its potential to cause severe damage to crops.
SYMPTOMS
In celery, Plasmopara nivea causes downy mildew, a disease that primarily affects the leaves, and can significantly reduce crop quality and yield. Early symptoms include chlorotic Taches on the tops of leaves that become necrotic over time. On the underside of the leaves, a white to grayish hairy growth develops, characteristic of this disease.
- Chlorotic Taches on the upper part of the leaves
- Progressive necrosis of the Taches
- White to grayish downy growth on the undersides of leaves
- Defoliation in severe cases
- Reduction in crop quality and yield
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
15-25°C
85-100%
HOW IS IT SPREAD?
Aerial spores, irrigation water, infected plant remains, contaminated tools
HOW TO REMOVE IT?
Home remedies
There are no home treatments
Chemical treatments
• ORANGE OIL 6% [SL] P/V
• ORANGE OIL 60g/L [ME] P/S
• AZOXISTROBIN 20% + DIFENOCONAZOLE 12.5% [SC] P/V
• AZOXISTROBIN 25% [SC] P/V
• POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATES 51% (Exp. as phosphorous acid) [SL] P/V
• LAMINARIN 4.5% [SL] P/S
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• PIRACLOSTROBIN 6.7% + BOSCALIDE 26.7% (I) [WG] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
Treatments allowed in organic farming
• ORANGE OIL 6% [SL] P/V
• ORANGE OIL 60g/L [ME] P/S
• LAMINARIN 4.5% [SL] P/S
• COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 30% (EXPR. IN CU) [WP] P/P
• CUPROCALCIC SULFATE 20% (EXPR. IN CU) [WG] P/P
Insect allies
PREDATORY MITES
LADYBUGS
LACEWINGS
PARASITIC WASPS
HOVERFLIES OR PARASITIC FLIES
PREDATORY BUGS
There are no natural allies
Mycodiplosis oidii (predatory mosquito)
EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ELIMINATE THIS DISEASE
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- Use resistant varieties of celery when available to reduce the incidence of the disease.
- Implement a crop rotation of at least two to three years with plants not susceptible to Plasmopara nivea.
- Avoid sprinkler irrigation and prefer drip irrigation systems to minimize humidity on the foliage.
- Ensure good soil drainage and avoid the accumulation of water around the plants.
- Maintain adequate planting density to improve air circulation and reduce relative humidity in the crop canopy.
- Apply preventive and curative fungicides following local recommendations and an integrated disease management program.
- Remove and destroy remains of infected plants to reduce the source of inoculum.
- Regularly monitor the crop to detect symptoms early and apply timely treatments.
- Perform soil analysis and adjust fertilization to maintain healthy plants and improve their resistance to diseases.
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