Vascular fungi are a group of pathogens that infect the plant's vascular system, primarily the xylem, hindering the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. Among the most important genera are Fusarium, Verticillium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Botryosphaeria, responsible for some of the most destructive diseases in numerous crops. These pathogens generally enter through the roots, the crown, or wounds, colonizing the vascular system and spreading throughout the plant. During their development, they can produce spores and resistant structures capable of surviving for long periods in the soil, plant debris, or infected tissues. Invasion of the vascular system causes blockage of the vessels by mycelium, spores, and the plant's own defense mechanisms, reducing the transport of water and nutrients. As a result, symptoms of wilting, decline, branch dieback, and, in the most severe cases, plant death appear.