Plant viruses are pathogens that directly affect plant development and are incurable once a plant is infected. Unlike fungi or bacteria, viruses cannot be eliminated with treatments, so the problem is often more serious. They are mainly transmitted through insects (such as aphids, whiteflies, or thrips), contaminated tools, contact between plants, or even seeds in some cases.

When a virus enters a plant, it disrupts its internal functions, especially tissue formation and chlorophyll production. This is why symptoms such as spots, deformities, or changes in leaf color appear. Often mistaken for nutrient deficiencies or watering problems, viruses usually cause more irregular and persistent symptoms. The key is to detect them early and prevent their spread.